The Struggles of America †History Essay

The Struggles of America – History Essay Free Online Research Papers The Struggles of America History Essay Since 1865, America has experience a tremendous amount of changes. Some changes were in America’s best interest and benefited the country, while other changes were just the opposite and only had in mind those who had the ability to pass or veto that particular change. Some changes affected us in unforeseen ways and left no trace. Being born an African American, I found great interest in the â€Å"Civil Rights Movement†, the â€Å"Industrial Revolution†, and â€Å"Women Suffrage†. The Civil Rights Movement, in my opinion, was the most significant event in the history of America. It influences the thoughts of many Americans today. The primary reasons for the Civil Rights Movement were to protect, liberate and ensure that all Americans were treated equally. It did not only apply to African Americans as many people assume; it includes the rights of every American that lives inside and outside of the United States. Without our Civil Rights Movement many Americans would face great hardships, and would be constantly taken advantage of by large corporations, people of power, and anyone else in a position of authority. Whenever the phrase Civil Rights Movement is mentioned, one automatically assumes it is referring to African Americans or minorities; however, it refers to every American, to include legal immigrants. The actions performed during the Civil Rights Movement formed a solid foundation many years ago that granted us privileges that we were not initially gra nted. According to Wikipedia Encyclopedia, â€Å"Civil Rights† are the protection and privileges of personal liberty given to all citizens by law. Civil Rights are distinguished from â€Å"human rights† or â€Å"natural rights†; civil rights are rights that persons do have, while natural or human rights are rights that scholars think that people should have. Civil Rights Movement was proposed to the congress on January 31, 1865. Almost a year later it was ratified on December 6, 1865. Although ratified and recognized by Congress, many states did not adhere to the new legislation for decades to follow. Even though it was law, it was not enforced by the states or federal government until years later. According to Wikipedia Encyclopedia, Laws guaranteeing civil rights may be written, derived from custom, or implied. In the United States and most continental European countries, civil rights laws are most often written. [Wikipedia Encyclopedia] Many Americans voluntarily took a great deal of interest Civil Rights Movement and strongly pushed the movement in southern states. States that played a significant role during this era was Alabama, Tennessee, Mississippi, and Georgia. These courageous individuals were later known as Civil Rights Leaders. Throughout the union there were many Civil Rights leaders of all nationalities, William Edward Burghardt, Medgar Evers, W.E.B. DuBois, and the well known, Dr. Martin Luther King were among the most influential. W.E.B. DuBois was one of the most influential leaders during the beginning of the Civil Rights Movement. With his great intellect and great deal of knowledge, he quickly became a well known figure among African Americans and in the political arena. W.E.B. Dubois focused a lot of attention on segregation and politics, and tried to unite African Americans with a common goal. In 1909, W.E.B. Dubois helped founded the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), and was the only African American to be a part of the organization at that time. Medgar Evers another civil right activist was born in Decatur, Mississippi. Evers not only served African Americans, in 1943 he was drafted into the United States Army and he proudly served his country. He attended Alcorn State University, where he majored in Business Administration. He participated in several different athletic programs and also became the president of his junior class. Evers was employed by an insurance agency so that he could provide financial income for is family, however after a few years, he resigned, Evers decided to apply to the University of Mississippi, but due to the color of his skin, his application was rejected. After a series of unfortunate events, Evers decided to join forces with the NAACP and became a field officer. DuBois and Evers are just a few leaders that believed in implementing Civil Rights Movement. Civil Rights activists eventually began to make a progress and were starting to receive what they always wanted. In 1866 thru 1869, the 14th and 15th amendment was passed in various states, giving African America men the right to vote, however it did not include women. The Civil Rights wasn’t the only political battle America was faced with. During the same time, America faced the challenge of Woman Suffrage. Women from all over country were beginning to create havoc concerning what they believed was rightfully theirs as American citizens. In 1869 the National Woman Suffrage Association was formed. After merging with the American Woman Suffrage Association, it was renamed National American Woman Suffrage Association. By the late 1800s, nearly fifty years of progress afforded women advancement in property rights, employment and educational opportunities, divorce and child custody laws, and increased social freedoms. The early 1900s saw a successful push for the right to vote through a coalition of suffragists, temperance groups, reform-minded politicians, and womens social welfare organizations [www.Rochester.edu]. Even after the battles of the Civil Rights Movement, women still had to take the back seat and fight for what was rightfully the irs. It wasn’t until the mid 1900s that one could truly identify the results of what the National American Women Suffrage Association had fought for so vigorously almost a decade prior. Elizabeth Cady Stanton headed much of the movement concerning women rights. She spent countless days working with her father and learning the laws, both locally and nationally. Doing all she knew and excelling well above and beyond of her brothers in daily chores, expectations, and in studies, she was still viewed as only another â€Å"lesser† when compared to men. Stanton believed that all men and women were created equal and should be treated as such. Faced with many struggles, and often ousted, Stanton continued to fight for liberties that were owed to women. Being very intellectual, Stanton spent the much of her time putting her thoughts on paper. She often wrote on topics such as divorce, birth control, and the rights that women should have. She was also the mother of seven children. She also had a great deal of help from Susan B. Anthony. Susan B. Anthony and Stanton met in Seneca Falls, what could be viewed as the headquarters of many women historical events. It was there that a lifelong friendship between the two â€Å"alike† began. They shared many of the same views, even though there approach was a slightly different. Susan B. Anthony was not afraid confrontation, she was often known for her to say what she thought. On the other hand, Stanton was more of a thinker and could express herself better on paper or through her actions. Once they merged they were almost unstoppable. Together, with the help of other colleagues, they continued to eliminate women suffering. Both Stanton and Anthony strongly believed that women should and deserved the right to vote and should exercise that right. They traveled all over the United States expressing their beliefs and attempting to gain the support of men. However it was difficult for a woman to be taking serious because of popular beliefs and traditional doctrine. Most men, and even some women, believed that a woman’s place was to be subordinate to her husband or men in general. For these reason they had no say in politics and he would represent them as the head of the house. In the 1800’s until the late twentieth century, society always considered that a women place in the family structure was home with her children. For that reason, politicians, businessmen, and other wealthy men did not believe that a woman input should be taken serious and should not be publicly voiced. Because she was always considered to be a subordinate to her husband, he would think and speak for her. Even though it took many long nights and decades of hard work, embarrassment, and ridicule, the Woman’s Suffrage movement slowly began to make process and put an end to inequality, well in some instances. Minuet in many ways, women were starting to be more than just a mother or wife, they were beginning to speak for themselves. New Zealand became the first country to allow woman to cast a vote in national elections. In 1870 the Fourteenth Amendment was ratified; allowing African American males the right to vote. However several females attempted to use this amendment to their advantage. Susan B. Anthony was later arrested for attempting to cast a vote for Ulysses S. Grant. Shortly thereafter, between 1918 and 1920, the United States granted woman the right to vote. It wasn’t until the 1920s that the Nineteenth Amendment was proposed and ratified; granting voting rights, regardless of sex, nationality, or religion. According research done through Austin Community College, more women entered the workforce as the new century dawned. Married women entered in larger numbers because the number of children they were having declined by 50%. These married women worked to gain new consumer goods, like sewing machines and washing machines, which they hoped would make their lives easier [Austin Community College]. Although Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton devoted 50 years to the Womans Suffrage movement, neither lived to see women gain the right to vote. But their work and that of many other suffragists contributed to the ultimate passage of the 19th amendment in 1920 [www.Rochester.edu]. During these two movements America, within itself, was faced with another challenge. This time it affected everyone, from Caucasians, African Americans, Hispanics, and immigrants. During the turn of the eighteenth century America was faced with Industrial Revolution. The Industrial Revolution took America buy storm. It brought forth many benefits, yet caused created so many losses. The introduction of the Industrial Revolution cause a significant change in what used to be America and what is America today! Industrial realized that business would be more effective and have lower cost if items were produced more quickly by machine. To do so, this replaced many hand tools with machinery; allowing factories to cut back their work force. As the expected, the machinery produced item faster then when they were hand made. Those employees that remained in the factories were made more effective by the machine, and the reduction in employers lowered the manufacturer’s cost. This caused m any hardships for the working class of America and this was only the beginning of what America had yet to endure. Over the next decade many families would lose their jobs, causing a great deal of financial hardship that had spread to the middle and upper class families as well. Lower costs caused prices to drop, and family businessmen could not afford to compete with larger stores and chains and still expect to gain a decent profit. They were eventually bought out by their competitors or forced to close what once was considered to be a family-ran business. Larger corporations took over quickly and did not care about the individual. These stores would grow like mushrooms over the next decade. Pollution increased dramatically and small family communities became parking lots or highways. Business which used to be a social place to congregate with family and friends and be personally greeted were now turned into a lobby with long lines and a sign displaying a number, signifying who was next to be helped. Most factories not only benefited off the machinery, they also made a huge saving on hiring immigrants. Because wages was so low, most Americans refused to work and chose to be unemployed. Before the revolution, over ninety percent of America owned their own business, by the late 1900s it was the total opposite. What was once 95% owners, were now 95% workers. By the earlier 1900s immigrants began to flourish like wild weeds. Most immigrants had no intentions on staying in America permanently, their goals was to make enough money to provide for their families. Once they felt they had made their quota they would return home. However, a great deal of immigrants began to like America and decided it would be best for them, as well as their families, just to remain in the United States. Because the immigrations laws were not as strictly enforced as they as today, many immigrants reside in the United States for quite some time. Many immigrants negotiated with businessmen to avoid deportation and other immigration laws. Businessmen knew they could pay immigrants a fraction of what they would have to pay American citizens. As immigrants had no legal status and could not insist on a minimum wage. Often businessmen would accept the negotiation because it also benefited him as well as his business. Over the years society would refer to this type of w ork â€Å"cheap Labor†. Another innovation of the Industrial Revolution was the assembly line. Henry Ford was one of the first ones to successfully incorporate an assembly line. After building cars individually, Ford decided that it would be more profitable to mass produce them. He received much ridicule for his seemly strange idea, however, he continued on his quest to manufacture. It wasn’t until 1913 that Ford put into operation the first moving assembly line. His idea, once considered impossible, was now sky-rocketing. It was proven and copied by other industrialist. He sold over a million cars and at an affordable price. Because of his machinery, he was able to cut employees hours significantly. Ford ideas have forever changed the auto industry. Today America continues to revolutionize. Over the last five years, most groceries store has replaced cashiers with electronic scanners. Many companies have replaced personal phone tellers with automated phone service. Even though these changes are some times beneficiary, we continue to move to an impersonal society. Since 1865 America has endured many changes. Due to our advance technology, the country sometimes seems to grow a lot faster than we humans do. So many significant events have affected us. Regardless of how it may have affected us personally, most Americans can all agree it not only made us much wiser, but it strengthened us as a country. The Civil Rights Movement played such a significant part in the lives of many Americans; I believe had we not had men and women of courage, many of us would be faced with unfair treatment to this very day. It would be foolish to assume that if our rights were not demanded and fought for, one day politicians would surprisingly feel guilty and granted them to us. The Civil Rights Movement sparked many flames; I believe it also helped ignite the Women Suffrage Movement. While the woman’s equality movement continues, it has achieved the 19th amendment and has lent creditability to women’s political views and opinions. We are still undergoi ng revolution, however I feel it is for the best. We purchase fast computers, fast cars, yet we still aren’t content, we live in a microwave society and no one seem to be extremely patient. In my closing I believe that the three events that I discussed are somewhat linked to the next. Being currently deployed to Mosul, Iraq, I have physically seen some things that are discussed in my history book. I am very grateful for the changes America has endured and I appreciate those that made it happen. Research Papers on The Struggles of America - History Essay19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraQuebec and CanadaThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationDefinition of Export QuotasTwilight of the UAWAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeHip-Hop is ArtBringing Democracy to AfricaComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoRelationship between Media Coverage and Social and

4 Scientific Ways To Convince Your Boss to Say Yes Every Time

4 Scientific Ways To Convince Your Boss to Say Yes Every Time As marketers, every month seems like the equivalent of a year in other industries. Marketing has  changed more in last few years than in the last 50 before them. Not only do we have to be awesome at being leaders, conversion experts, project managers, advertisers, copywriters, email wizards, and 48 other skills we have to build the skill of leading change. weve gotta kill the status quo before it kills us. and of course, we have to convince our bosses to go along with it all. This boils down to our ability to influence others. But, if youve ever read about the psychology of influencing others, it can be deflating. Doubly so when it comes to how to convince your boss or peers to try new stuff. 4 Ways To Convince Your Boss to Say Yes Every Time (Backed By Science)The Slightly Depressing Reality Of Influence One of the first principles of influence you come across is called the halo effect. In the 1920s, psychologist Edward Thorndike piloted a study of how military officers judge their subordinates. He found more physically attractive soldiers were were rated higher across the board on a four-point scale: intelligence, physique, leadership, and character. This means positive reactions to physical appearance were projected onto other areas of the soldiers. And as much as we hate to admit it, the rabbit hole goes deeper. This principle holds true in elections, as well. In a study called Beauty at the Ballot Box, researchers theorized that since physical attractiveness is a cue toward good health, we may be biologically programed to esteem it. Meaning were naturally inclined to favor attractive people. The halo effect is at work in our restaurants, as well. Another study called Beauty and the feast found that attractive servers earn roughly $1261 more per year than unattractive servers. And counterintuitively, Beauty matters more for female than male customers. Meaning pretty female waitresses get bigger tips from women. Oh yeah, and then theres this happy stat Pretty people earn 12% more money than average-looking humans. From politics to pot pies, something as shallow as looks play a major role in influencing others. However, when it comes to convincing your boss to say yes to that new process a fresh software tool obliterating makeshift marketing a flexible work-from-home policy we have more science-backed levers to pull than just our faces. 4 Ways To Convince Your Boss To Say Yes With The Power Of Science 🚀 In this post, Ill share the best research on ethical approaches to convince your boss to say yes to anything. No makeup required. Youll learn four tactics: How to position what youre asking for in concrete terms, How to align your change with team objectives, Why to conduct a trial run with a mini post-mortem conversation, And how to win by starting big, then going small. One of the most powerful changes we see is crushing the bug we call makeshift marketing. A major change to the marketing landscape is the volume of tools available. But, most of them dont play well together. This means marketers are awash in single-function tools that arent actually designed with marketers in mind. This makes your life more difficult and hurts your results. So, well walk through examples of leading change to combat it. Alright, saddle up. Its time to convince your boss to say yes every time. #1: Convince Your Boss To Say Yes Through Loss Aversion First up, lets talk opportunity cost. An opportunity cost is the benefit someone could have gained, but gave up, in favor of another action. When you choose one action over another, you lose the benefits of the alternative choice. With this first approach, we will capitalize on the principles of loss aversion and prospect theory. People fear loss more than they desire benefit. And this greatly influences the way they choose between options (aka: prospects). This means people will overweigh even the smallest opportunities for loss. A Nielsen Norman Group article summarizes it like this: When choosing among several alternatives, people avoid losses and optimize for sure wins because the pain of losing is greater than the satisfaction of an equivalent gain. For example, lets say you want to adopt a new marketing tool  like to replace a less effective one (or even multiple tools). Because there is a chance the new tool will cost more than its worth in hard cash  and  in lost productivity, your boss may be instantly loss averse. This will impact her choice between the prospects of status quo and potential loss. To capitalize on this understanding, simply structure your ask in two parts: If we do [thing you want] it will add [positive value]. If we dont do [thing you want] it will cost [negative value]. In this example, your ask might sound like: If we [adopt this new tool], it will give us a [55% lift in productivity per team member]. If we dont [adopt this new tool], we are actually losing [$1,255 per week in lost productivity]. The idea here is to highlight the gain as specifically as possible. Then showcase the loss of the alternative option - in this case changing nothing - as specifically as possible. This way, you can position the facts according to the emotional principles at play. Make loss aversion your friend and get to yes faster. #2: Convince Your Boss By Aligning Change With Team Goals Next, marketers have goals to hit. In fact, a recent study we conducted found that marketers who set goals are 429% more likely to be successful. To warm up your boss to a change, use this stat to your advantage. If you have goals, like driving  1,000 qualified leads every month Cash in on alignment theory. In essence, it posits that the most successful people understand their strengths and then arrange their lives in alignment with them. This theory works for individuals and is also portable for groups. Successful organizations tick using this principle. And the power of alignment is possible when strategy, goals, and purpose mutually reinforce one another. To put it to work with your boss, structure your ask for change like this: Our team is trying to achieve [goal]. But we have [failed] for the past [timeframe]. I think the best way we can do this right now is by [thing you want]  [based on prior success]. In keeping with our 1,000 qualified leads example, the ask might be: Our team is trying to achieve [1,000 qualified leads every month]. But weve [only reached 70% of that goal] for the [past three months]. I think the best way we can do this right now is by [focusing exclusively on driving traffic] [to our top-performing landing pages]. The change youre after is a shifted focus: driving more traffic. However, the goal youre trying to achieve is the same: 1,000 qualified leads. Its also super important to notice the last part of that statement based on prior success. If your team has had any related successes in the past, highlight them for leverage as proof.If your team has had any related successes in the past, highlight them for leverage as proof. In this example, it was top-performing landing pages. In their fantastic book, Switch, authors Chip and Dan Heath call these prior wins bright spots. Theyre extremely powerful because they showcase that positive results  are possible, because you have achieved them in the past. Youre team is capable of the results. So, youre aligning your methods accordingly. Bonus: This is also a great chance to sharpen your goal-setting strategy if it needs a little work. #3:Convince Your Boss With A Post-Mortem Post-mortems sound depressing but can I confess something? I think theyre awesome. A post-mortem is an analysis held after any project. Usually, its aim is to figure out: How on earth did things go so wrong?! However, I love them because theyre amazing chances to learn. Theyre even beneficial to hold on the heels of successful projects. No matter how well a project has gone, there are always things that can be improved.  They promote healthy self-reflection and can benefit your entire team. In this case, I want you to hold a mini post-mortem with your boss in advance of your ask. The reason is twofold. You can learn why similar changes have failed in the past. You can pre-empt legitimate objections your boss will have ahead of time. Why Have Other Things Failed? By learning why other initiatives have failed, you can learn what pitfalls to avoid. For instance, if youre proposing a move from spreadsheets to   - or a similar transition from a clunky way of doing things - how helpful would it be to learn that the last tool transition to be shot down actually had the support of your manager, but got squashed by the CFO? An easy way to phrase this question is, When was the last time we wanted to get budget for a new project, idea, or tool in our department? If the last attempt failed, you can follow with, Why do you think it failed? And is there any way it could have been approved? If it succeeded, even better! You can ask, Why was it successful? And how has it panned out? Overcoming Legitimate Objections Next, you can glean what legitimate objections your boss may have to your idea. Almost every boss Ive ever had loved to say, Yes! to great ideas. But so many of my attempts at leading a new change as the underling failed because I didnt understand their field of visibility. Field of visibility means their viewpoint informed by the things they know that I dont. Often, its the difference between someone standing on a balcony and someone in the crowd below. Company execs sit in meetings that you dont. They hear forecasts, plans, and upcoming constraints that you dont. They understand organizational dynamics you may have missed. They see your team from a broader perspective than you might. This means understanding their field of visibility is incredibly beneficial. With an informal post-mortem, you can dig into why a similar change failed. This will help you position your ask to overcome your bosss legitimate (or even illegitimate) objections. Whether its data  A project champion up the chain Or competitive research You can gain insight beforehand to have great answers to tough questions. #4: Convince Your Boss By Asking Big, Then Small Last, if youre a marketer, youve probably heard of the rule of reciprocity. Psychologist and mega best-selling author Robert Cialdini explains it in his book  Influence: The Psychology of Persuasion like this. He says, The rule says that we should try to repay, in kind, what another person has provided us [and] by virtue of the reciprocity rulewe are  obligated to the future repayment of favors, gifts, invitations, and the like. The idea is to do something for someone else  before you ask them to do something for you. When you do so, youre far more likely to get that coveted yes. But honestly, this principle might be effective, but its too manipulative for me to entertain actually doing this. Call me a boy scout, but that seems like a pretty sketchy move. And worse, an infringement on a healthy relationship. Now that Ive taken a stand on my moral high ground, Ill share with you a version of this rule Id happily endorse 😎 Cialdini also shares a specific application of this rule called bargaining, saying, Bargaining is frequently used in the negotiation process, which involves reciprocal concessions. That is, if Person A rebuffs a large request from Person B, and Person B then concedes by making a smaller request, Person A will feel obligated to reciprocate this concession with a concession of his or her own by agreeing to this lesser plea. In 1975, researchers on the Arizona State University campus cracked the code on exactly how this works. Their experiment was pretty slick. Half of the students in the test were asked, Will you chaperone juvenile-detention-center inmates on a day trip to the zoo? Only 17% of them said yes. The other half of the test subjects were asked a leading question first: Will you volunteer as a juvenile-detention-center counselor for two hours per week for the next two years? Everyone said no to the first question. However, almost 50% said yes to the second question about chaperoning the zoo visit! The angle for our marketing purposes is pretty obvious. Construct two versions of your ask.

Overload protection systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Overload protection systems - Essay Example Depending on the type of overload, the appropriate protection systems are chosen and employed is design of machines. For instance, relays, overload release and circuit breakers are used to protect systems against mechanical overload (Bhalja & Maheshwari, 2011). The most common overload protection systems are mechanical and hydraulic overload protection systems. Mechanical overload protection systems are used in mechanical presses; the working principle is based on a delicate shear plate that requires approximately 130% capacity to be broken. When the shear plate is broken, a slide in position has some space of free distance that allows the press to go through a complete stroke. The shear plate is replaced after each case of overload. Hydraulic overload protection systems are more common because the force of the press can be restricted by controlling the hydraulic pressure, and the press can be restarted after an incidence of overload without having to change the plates. Overload prot ection systems (a) mechanical (b) hydraulic (Altan & Tekkaya, 2012). The system consists of an oil pad placed between the slide and the connecting rod to which pressure is applied when force is developing. The pressure from the oil is used to move another piston, which acts to intensify the pressurized air. In case the oil pressure (air pressure) exceeds a threshold value, the oil is sapped back into a tank. Therefore, the force applied is restricted and some space is created for free movement. (Altan & Tekkaya, 2012). a) Torque guard Torque guards are overload protection devices used in power transmission  applications. A spring with a load cam follower placed in a core and detent causes the core and load to rotate jointly. Thus the load always resets in one position and stays in phase when tripped. The system automatically resets when it goes back into the set position after tripping, normally by moving the machine after the overload is cleared. Torque guards assist to protect m echanical systems from damage that may result from extreme torque produced by jamming and overloads. The automatic reset and instant reaction capacity offers consummate guard and reduces down-time. The system disengages at the stipulated torque limit (Grote & Antonsson, 2009). b) Torque limiter A Torque Limiter is a torque overload system consisting of a spring loaded friction style. The load connected to the friction pads is regulated in order to transmit the process torque is transmitted. An overload torque that exceeds the set torque makes the system to slip, preventing overloads from passing through the system. The torque limiter stops slipping when the load drops below the set level, transmitting the torque. In a torque limiter, the phase between input and output is not kept constant. This system can be used in a chain drive with a machined sprocket placed between the friction pads to act as the slip interface so that shutdown and restart is not necessary (Grote & Antonsson, 20 09). Torque limiters are regularly used in applications such as conveyor systems, machine tools, and off-highway mobile equipment. c) Axial guard Axial guards are used in systems where the load acts in the linear rather than revolving direction. This overload protection device provides greatly accurate and repeatable trip point. The point of load set is simply adjusted by rotating a screw. The Axial Guard instantly trips when overload occurs and the tie between the load side and drive side is disengaged. The Axial Guard is reset by a slight push or pull in the reverse direction, allowing production to be revived swiftly and downtime to be reduced (Grote &

To what extent can improvements in productive flow and product quality Essay - 2

To what extent can improvements in productive flow and product quality lead to an increase in sales and profit - Essay Example To meet the growing demand, it is viable to move production to a larger facility like a manufacturing plant. This can reduce the cost of production and increase the volume of sales. Increased production can reduce the cost of manufacturing per unit, and this can enable the company to lower the price of products thereby increasing sales. In order to earn more profits, it is necessary to boost sales and this can be done by producing better quality goods at reduced costs. This paper discusses how productive flow and product quality lead to an increase in sales and profit. Production and quality In any business, the traditional concept of enhancing sales and increasing profit is to increase the volume of production with innovative technologies so as to produce quality goods that will satisfy the demands of the consumers. Sales can increase when products become easily accessible and affordable for consumers. Therefore, the main focus of the management should be on increasing production an d also distribution efficiency. This concept of production is applicable in two different situations. In the first situation the demand of a product is so high that it exceeds the supply i.e. production of the product is below the quantity in demand. In this case, management should apply plans and strategies to increase production while keeping the cost of production per unit low. ... However, this same concept which is know as production concept may not work for other companies if the consumers do not find the product attractive in terms of quality, performance and innovative characteristics. In such case, it is required to follow the product concept. Under this concept the business organization should focus on improving production techniques to continuously increase the quality of products. However, there is a disadvantage, for instance, producing better mousetraps may not satisfy the consumers’ need for eliminating mice. The demand may be for other types of solutions like a chemical spray or an exterminating service. Moreover, even a good quality product cannot boost sales unless the packaging is done attractively, pricing is affordable and distribution processes are efficient. Also a good deal of promotion and advertising is required in order to convince the buyers that it is a better quality product. This calls for selling concept which implies that co nsumers will not respond to enhanced quality unless rigorous selling and promotion efforts are made by the business organization. Then there is the marketing concept which indicates that the objectives of business enterprises of increased sale volumes and enhanced profit structure can be achieved by understanding the demand curve of the target markets, and by providing quality goods for consumer satisfaction more efficiently than the competitors. The selling concept holds an inside-out perspective, which means it focuses on heavy selling of the existing products by rigorous promotions and advertisements. Contrary to this the marketing concept holds an outside-in perspective, which means it puts emphasis on consumer demand, coordinates all marketing

Computers are not confined to being used for entertainment but its role in education is also vast Essay Example for Free

Computers are not confined to being used for entertainment but its role in education is also vast Essay A. Introduction A library is a place in which literary and artistic materials such as books, periodicals, newspapers, pamphlets, prints, records, and tapes, are kept for reading, reference or lending. A collection of such materials, especially when systematically arranged; a room of private home for such collection. At first glance, your library is a bunch of books with a librarian to check them out to you, and back in when you return them. Your librarian insures (of tries to, as money permits) your library is well stocked with current titles. The librarian also has to keep the building neat and in good repair and also these things only shows a few of the things which make up your library. Now a day, in a highly technological society, human productivity is made more efficient through the development of electronic gadgets. Now, with the advent of such modernization in education, one way to globalize the process of research is to realize that technology is advancing at an incredibly fast pace. In School, reading materials are stored in libraries. Library is a place in which books and related materials are kept for use but not for sale. It is also organized for use and maintained by a public body, an institution or a private individual. In addition, it is a place in which we get information in any format and from many sources. The librarian has to keep the room neat so that it is conducive for learning. The librarian is also the person who is liable for monitoring all the books that are borrowed and returned by the borrowers. B. Background of the Study The proponents will propose the Library Books Borrowing and Returning System for General Miguel Malvar Elementary School located at Mangga Ave, Sta Mesa, Manila. . The Head Librarian, Mrs. Tina Guerrero stated that they are currently using the Dewey Decimal Library System. They are still utilizing a manual system. The library users and the librarian still use card catalogues in searching for reading materials and use index card for the records of borrowed and returned books. The proponent’s study was what is which encounter to the Library by the user, Librarian and how the Owner or the Administrator of the said school will provide a good service to their clients to have a good feedback. The study will focus on transaction which done inside the Library like borrowing, returning of books by students, faculties and staffs. C. Statement of the Problem General Problem: * How to computerized Library System of Gen. Miguel Malvar Elementary School? Specific Problem: * How to maintain library records? * How to provide back-up copy? * How to maintain data integrity? * How to make user friendly screen? * How to secure database files? D. Objective of the Study General Objective: * To develop a computerized library system for Gen. Miguel Malvar Elementary School using Visual Basic. Specific Objective: * To maintain library record by providing add, edit and delete module to our system. * To create utility module to back up database files. * To maintain data integrity by creating a relational database files. * To make a user friendly screen by designing a simple screen that can be easily understand. * To secure database file by creating a user log-in for security purposes. E. Scope and Limitations The library system can only monitor the borrowed and returned books. It computes the penalty for due date. The system does not include the inventory of the books. F. Significance of the Study As the researchers identify their objectives, they were able to discuss the significance of their topic to certain factors which they are closely related: Librarian / Custodian * The Librarian / Custodian will benefit from this project because it will help him/her monitor the books borrowed and returned. School * The school will benefit from this project because they help provide books to student of that school. Student * The student will benefit from this project because can help the student to easily know if the books he /she need is available or not in the library. Chapter II A. Feasibility Study 1. Operational Feasibility The system is operationally feasible because their library staff is computer literate and is trained to use computer applications plus, they know the basic things they used to do on the manual library system, thereby maintaining the concepts of the originallibrary logic. We can also say that it is operationally feasible because their facility has computers without taking much space and the main office actually holds the database since they originally have a main storage of information for the billing of their student. 2. Technical Feasibility The proposed system is technicallyfeasible because the Software and Hardware are available. The Software to be use is Visual Basic. Net and the database is MS Access. 3. Economical Feasibility The system is economically feasible. The maintenance of computer hardware and software is updated. a. Initial Investment Computer set with printer P15, 000. Computer programmer P40, 000 Total initial Investment P55, 00 b. Existing Operational Cost Salary of 3 employees P30, 000 Logbook papers P1, 500 Ball pensP150 Electricity P 1, 200 Total operational cost P32,850 c. Proposed System Operational Cost Salary of 2 employees P25, 000 Internet connectionP1, 200 Electricity P1, 500 PapersP 900 Total operational cost P28,600 d. Savings Monthly Operational Cost| Existing| Supplies| P1,650| Maintenance| P1,200| Labor| P30,000| Total| P32,850| Yearly Operational Cost| Existing| 1st| P394,200| 2nd| P421,794| 3rd| P449,388| 4th| P476,982| 5th| P504,576| Monthly Operational Cost| Proposed|. Supplies| P900| Maintenance| P2,700| Labor| P25,000| Total| P28,600| Yearly Operational Cost| Proposed| 1st| P343,200| 2nd| P367,224| 3rd| P391,284| 4th| P415,272| 5th| P439,296| SAVINGS/PAY | Existing System| Proposed System| Savings| 1st Year| 394,200| 343,200| 51,000| 2nd Year| 788,400| 686,400| 102,000| 3rd Year| 1,182,600| 1,029,600| 153,00| 4th Year| 1,576,800| 1,372,800| 204,000| 5th Year| 1,971,000| 1,716,000| 255,00| BACK PERIOD Chapter III ID ID A. Data Flow Diagram 1. DFD of Existing System BORROWED BOOK BORROWED BOOK NO PENALTY NO PENALTY ACCCEPTED BORROWED BOOK ACCCEPTED BORROWED BOOK 5 CHECK PENALTY 5 CHECK. PENALTY 4 ACCEPT BORROWED BOOK 4 ACCEPT BORROWED BOOK 6 RETURN ID 6 RETURN ID Student Student ID, BOOK ID, BOOK 1 RECEIVED ID BOOK 1 RECEIVED ID BOOK M2 BOOK CARD M2 BOOK CARD M1 LOGBOOK M1 LOGBOOK W/ PENALTY W/ PENALTY RECEIPT RECEIPT RECEIVED ID BOOK RECEIVED ID BOOK DISPATCHED BOOK DISPATCHED BOOK 2 UPDATE CARD BOOK 2 UPDATE CARD BOOK 7 ACCEPT PAYMENT 7 ACCEPT PAYMENT M2 BOOK CARD M2 BOOK CARD PAYMENT PAYMENT Student Student. 3 DISPATCH BOOK 3 DISPATCH BOOK M3 PENALTY M3 PENALTY 2. DFD of Proposed System ID ID 5 RECORD RETURN TRANSACTION 5 RECORD RETURN TRANSACTION NO PAYMENT NO PAYMENT RETURNED BOOK RETURNED BOOK. 4 CHECK PENALTY 4 CHECK PENALTY Student Student BORROWED BOOK BORROWED BOOK Recorded Return Transaction Recorded Return Transaction 1 RECORD BOOK CARD 1 RECORD BOOK CARD C1 TRANSACTION INFO C1 TRANSACTION INFO C1 TRANSACTION INFO C1 TRANSACTION INFO DISPATCHED BOOK DISPATCHED BOOK Recorded Transaction Recorded Transaction 6 COMPUTE PENALTY 6 COMPUTE PENALTY C1 TRANSACTION INFO C1 TRANSACTION INFO 7 ACCEPT PENALTY 7 ACCEPT PENALTY COMPUTED PENALTY COMPUTED PENALTY 2 UPDATE CARD BOOK 2 UPDATE CARD BOOK C2 Book Card C2 Book Card PAYMENT PAYMENT CHANGE CHANGE Student Student 3 DISPATCH BOOK 3 DISPATCH BOOK B. Prototyping 1. Program Listing Screen Title: Log-in Form Description: This is the log-in form. First the user will input the username and the password then click the log-in button. If the user inputted the correct username and password it will show the transactions form. Screen Title: ERROR Button Description: This form will show if the user inputted the wrong username and password. To go back to the log-in form click the OK button. Administrator Screen Title: Administrator Description: This is where you can view the student account and admin account. If you click the button menu you can see the information of the student and the administration. Admin Account Screen Title: Admin Account Description: This is where the user can view their account and information. Student Account Screen Title: Student Account Description: This is where the user can view their account and information. Select Information Screen Title: Select Information Description: This is the Select Information Form. If the user wants to view the Student Information he/she will click the Student Information Button. If the user wants to view the Book Information he/she will click the Book Information Button. If the user wants to view or make Transaction he/she will click the Transaction Information Button. If the user wants to view the reports he/she will click the Report Button. If the user wants to view or make another user he/she will click the Administration Button. Student Information Screen Title: Student Information Description: This form is the Student Information form. It contains the Student No., Name, Grade and Section, Address, and Contact number. In this form the user can add, edit and delete Student information. Book Information Screen Title: Book Information Description: This form is the Book Information form. It contains the Book No. , Book Title, Book ISD, Book Author, Subject, Location and Status. In this form the user can add, edit and delete Book Information. Transaction Information of Borrowed Book Screen Title: Transaction Information of Borrowed Book Description: This form is the Transaction Information of Borrowed Book form. The user can input the Book No. , Due Date and penalty of the Borrowed Book. Transaction Information of Returned book Screen Title: Transaction Information of Returned Book Description: This form is the Transaction Information of Returned Book form. This form will compute the Penalty based on the due date or how long it was before the book is returned. Database File Structures. | Student Information| | Field Name| Type| Width| Student No| Number| 15| Name| Text| 50| Grade Section| Text| 50| Address| Text| 150| Contact No| Number| 15| | Book Information| | Field Name| Type| Width| Book No| Number| 10| Book Title| Text| 150| Book Author| Text| 150| Subject| Text| 100| Location| Text| 150| Status| Text| 150| | TRANSACTION INFO| | Field Name| Type| Width| Transaction No| Number| 15| Student No| Number| 15| Name| Text| 150| Book No| Number| 10| Book Author| Text| 150| Date Borrow| Date| N/A| Date Return| Date| N/A| Due Date| Date| N/A| Penalty| Currency| 10| | Book Card| |. Field Name| Type| Width| Name| Text| 150| Title of the book| Text| 15| Book number| Text| 10| Date Borrow| Date | N/A| Date return| Date| N/A| Date Due| Date| N/A| General Miguel Malvar Elementary School Mangga Ave, Sta Mesa, Manila Report of Transaction Transaction No| Student No| Book No| Book Title| Date Borrow| Due Date| Date Returned| Penalty| 1| 1000013| 400| Skills in Reading| 10/2/2012| 10/5/2012| 10/8/2012| Php30. 00| 2| 1000014| 401| Modern in Action| 10/3/2012| 10/5/2012| 10/8/2012| Php20. 00| 3| 1000015| 402| English V| 10/1/2012| 10/9/2012| 10/9/2012| Php50. 00| | Total: ____P100. 00____ Total: ____P100. 00____ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Prepared By: __Tina Guerrero__ Prepared By: __Tina Guerrero__ General Miguel Malvar Elementary School Mangga Ave, Sta Mesa, Manila Report of Borrowed Books Transaction No| Student No| Book No| Book Title| Date Borrow| Due Date| 1| 1000013| 400| Skills in Reading| 10/2/2012| 10/5/2012| 2| 1000014| 401| Modern in Action| 10/3/2012| 10/5/2012| 3| 1000015| 402| English V| 10/1/2012| 10/9/2012| Prepared By: __Tina Guerrero__ Prepared By: __Tina Guerrero__ General Miguel Malvar Elementary School Mangga Ave, Sta Mesa, Manila Report of Retuned Books Transaction No| Student No| Book No| Book Title| Date Borrow| Due Date| Date Returned| 1| 1000013| 400| Skills in Reading| 10/2/2012| 10/5/2012| 10/8/2012| 2| 1000014| 401| Modern in Action| 10/3/2012| 10/5/2012| 10/8/2012| 3| 1000015| 402| English V| 10/1/2012| 10/9/2012| 10/9/2012| Prepared By: __Tina Guerrero__ Prepared By: __Tina Guerrero__ User Manual I. System Requirements CPU| Pentium 4, Athlon XP, Semprov| | Clock Speed| 2. 0GHz or higher| | System Memory(RAM)| 1G| | Operating System| Windows XP\Vista| |. HDD free space| 2. 0GB| | DirectX| 9. 0 or higher| | Internet Connection| 1Gbps| | Video Card| GeForce FX6600 or Radeon 9800 series| | Video Memory| 512MB| | II. Installation 1. Run the installation setup, MMESLYS-Setup. exe. Afterwards, users are to be prompted to this screen. Click Next to continue. Welcome to Miguel Malvar Elem School Library System Installation Setup Wizard Welcome to Miguel Malvar Elem School Library System Installation Setup Wizard This will install Miguel Malvar Elem School Library System 1. 0 on your Computer This will install Miguel Malvar Elem School Library System 1. 0 on your Computer 2. They will be asked to confirm if you agree on the End-User license agreement for them to be able to proceed with the installation. Choose â€Å"I agree† then Next button would be enabled. Click Next. 3. After signing off the EULA, they would now be brought to the page wherein they would choose where to put the folder for the application. Choose where to put the files and click Next. 4. The wizard will now start installing the system. Just wait for the progress to reach completion and then click Next. The installation has been successfully completed by that and the user just needs to click Close to exit the installation wizard. III. System Navigation 1. This is the log-in form will be welcome to the log in interface. They just need to use the log in IDs provided by the Administrator and then click the Log in button. 2. This is the invalid username password if your username you input is not correct, just click the ok button. 3. This is where you can view the student account and admin account. If you click the button menu you can see the information of the student and the administration. 4. This admin account will show the information of admin and their account 5. This student account will show the information of the student. 6. This is the Select Information Form. If the user wants to view the Student Information he/she will click the Student Information Button. If the user wants to view the Book Information he/she will click the Book Information Button. If the user wants to view or make Transaction he/she will click the Transaction Information Button. If the user wants to view the reports he/she will click the Report Button. If the user wants to view or make another user he/she will click the Administration Button. 7. This form is the Student Information form. It contains the Student No. , Name, Grade and Section, Address, and Contact number. In this form the user can add, edit and delete Student information. 8. This form is the Book Information form. It contains the Book No. , Book Title, Book ISD, Book Author, Subject, Location and Status. In this form the user can add, edit and delete Book Information. 9. This form is the Transaction Information of Borrowed Book form. The user can input the Book No. , Due Date and penalty of the Borrowed Book. 10. This form is the Transaction Information of Returned Book form. This form will compute the Penalty based on the due date or how long it was before the book is returned.

Living in George Orwells 1984-Today Essay example -- George Orwell 19

Living in George Orwell's 1984-Today George Orwell's horrendous yet prophetic vision of the future in his novel, 1984 has come and gone. In this nightmarish novel, Oceania, where the story takes place, is the perfect depiction of "Negative Utopia" in which the government is in total control of their citizens. They control every aspect of their life. From the smallest things as the clothes their citizen wore on a daily basis to the person they were allowed to marry to their thoughts. Freedom of choice and thought was unquestionable and was not allowed and anything or anyone that went against this principle or resisted oppression was completely suppressed themselves. Now, under our current government there are a lot of similarities between the haunting novel of the "Negative Utopia" which George Orwell portrays in 1984 and ours. Many tactics which were used in 1984 by the Party and which are being used today in American by our current government are psychological manipulation of people, physical torture and the shaping o f human thought through language. In reality, democracy or true democracy has never existed in the United States of America. If we look back in time and read the creation of this nation in our history books, our founding fathers were the better off people during their time when talking about money. They were the only few that met the profile, which they created, that allowed a person to run for office; in essence, you had to be a white adult male (at least giving the fact that the youngest "freedom fighter" was 26 years of age) and owned your land (which meant wealth in that era). If the United States was truly established as a democracy, why did only a few white male who were the powerful ones during that... ...t and radio host in Austin, Texas. Barnes, Fred. "A War without Heroes? Only if you're Reading the Mainstream Media." Weekly Standard. 26 December 2005: Volume 011, Issue 15(1) http://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/006/496eeymx.asp">http://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/006/496eeymx.asp "Pat Tillman." Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. 20:56, 5 May 2006 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pat_Tillman">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pat_Tillman Nichols, John. The "Plane Crash" of Senator Wellstone. 2002. 8 May 2006. http://www.oilempire.us/wellstone.html">http://www.oilempire.us/wellstone.html Guantà ¡namo: Lives torn apart - The impact of indefinite detention on detainees and their families. 2006. 8 May 2006. http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGAMR510072006">http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGAMR510072006

Language Manipulators Essay

UNMIK regulations clearly state that English is the official language, and any translations to Albanian, Serbian or otherwise are done as a â€Å"courtesy. † This means that all official correspondence including contracts, their exhibits and notifications must be accomplished in English, otherwise they are not valid. The following is a typical example drawn from a contract between UNMIK and a local Kosovar company. â€Å"Article VIII: Miscellaneous Provisions, section DD. English Language, states: â€Å"This Contract is written in the English language and executed in 4 counterparts plus 4 drafts in Albanian language and 4 drafts in Serbian language. It shall be construed and interpreted in the English-language version, which shall govern. Any translation into another language is provided as a matter of courtesy. † The ignoring of Kosova’s majority of 90% ethnic Albanians, and the imposition of English as the â€Å"legal† language in Kosova has created extreme difficulties, hardships and has placed Albanian Kosovars at a significant disadvantage and vulnerability, which UNMIK organizations and others have capitalized on, to the detriment of Kosovar businesses and organizations. In the United States, following the end of the civil war, individuals that came to the South and took advantage of the war-torn situation and people came to be known as â€Å"Carpet Baggers† because of the luggage they carried. As we are in a similar position, perhaps we should recognize the effective negative manipulation of Kosovars by UNMIK and Internationals by referring to them as â€Å"Language Manipulators. † The â€Å"Power† given to the English language requirement by UNMIK is being misused daily, and it enters into all forms of community action, business and our government. Just imagine if UNMIK and KFOR had to carry out it duties, and daily living using a language that the great majority of people cannot speak or write, and their actions were legally determined and evaluated by this â€Å"foreign† language. It is clearly understandable to utilize the English language within the operations of the International community, the United Nations (UN), as this has been so for quite some time. However, since UN has set precedence by creating UNMIK as the first government of a region following a war, it is unrealistic to continue to impose a foreign language on the operations of Kosova’s people. UNMIK, according to UN Regulation 1244 (1999) is supposed to be aiding the establishment of â€Å".. provisional democratic self-governing institutions to ensure conditions for a peaceful and normal life for all inhabitants of Kosovo,† and it is ludicrous to state this aim while insisting on the â€Å"legal† use of the English language. In an effort to correct the daily injustice and outright manipulation of the Kosovar people, the following corrective action needs to be implemented immediately. (1) That UNMIK, through regulations and law, recognize the Albanian Language as the Official Language of Kosova, in any and all communications and contractual negotiations and legal actions; and that the Serbian Language be also recognized as a valid language when ethnic Serbs are involved in contractual and other legal ventures with UNMIK and/or others operating fully within the borders and governing process of Kosova. OR (2) That UNMIK establish an independent organization of qualified English & Albanian speaking attorneys, one or more of which would be appointed, at the expense of UNMIK, and not drawn from the Kosova Budget, to each and every Albanian organization or corporation that must enter into contractual arrangements with UNMIK. This is necessary so long as UNMIK insists that the non-native language of English is the Legal Language over the native Albanian language of Kosova. Furthermore, no contract or agreement entered into with UNMIK shall be deemed valid in any manner if this assistance is not provided during negotiations and through the final signing of the contract or agreement. A â€Å"Double Edged Sword† Well, what do you think about the presentation so far? Does the imposition of English being the official language of Kosova make you angry, or sympathetic to the problems of the Albanian businessman, or Government Officials? Do you see â€Å"Unfairness† in it all? Are you upset with the â€Å"Language Manipulators† for taking advantage of ethnic Albanians? And which solution would be preferable to you; (1) where Albanian becomes the official language immediately, or (2) where there is an independent English Speaking support organization? If you feel that number (1) is the best option at this time, then I ask that you carefully reconsider your position as we continue the discussion. There is another side to the ingenuity of the â€Å"Language Manipulators,† and that is their passive support of the ethnic Albanian’s continued use of the Albanian Language in all aspects of their private and public life. The â€Å"Language Manipulators† are very pleased that there is no English news on TV or radio, and not one of the local papers has any English articles and we can only find job announcements for NGOs in English. And they are especially pleased that demonstrations and protests â€Å"boycott† the use of English, and are done in the Albanian Language. We see that, because UNMIK forces the English Language in official matters, many Albanians â€Å"rebel† and fight against using English, keeping it out of their newspapers, TV and radio. Just think for a moment. On the one hand they are imposing English as the â€Å"official† legal language in Kosova, creating problems and taking advantage of Albanian businessmen, but on the other hand they are â€Å"pleased† that no English is being used in Kosovar daily life, and they encourage pride in the Albanian Language. Do you see the beauty in this strategy yet? The simple fact is that those who don’t support the Independence of Kosova want ethnic Albanians to keep speaking and writing in Albanian, and to ignore the use of the English Language! English is the language of world business and western politics, and if Albanians begin using English effectively, the â€Å"truth† about Kosova could be heard by the English Speaking world, such as the United States of America. And we thought the American â€Å"Carpet Baggers† were clever and nasty in their dealing with people in the South following the civil war. â€Å"Language Manipulators† are very clever in their large-scale use of an age-old manipulation. If you don’t want someone to have or do something, then tell him or her they â€Å"must† have it or use it. We all tend to rebel against anything that is forced on us, and if we are not careful, we will be manipulated out of the very thing we want or need. And in this case, the â€Å"forcing† of the English Language on the Albanian people in Kosova is blinding them to the fact that this is the very thing they need if they are to survive and gain their full Independence. In this modern world, and in the current circumstances that Kosova finds itself in, the proficient use of the English language is the only way to get the truth beyond the borders of Kosova, to gain allies and support, and to develop the skills necessary to succeed in business and politics.

How to make the world a better place to live in Essay

There is nothing which can be done to totally improve the world’s condition presently. However, there is something which can de done for the betterment of the world’s condition. The main point which could affect the condition of the world is Education. Education provides people with knowledge, communication skills, discipline, and also with dignity. â€Å"Education’s purpose is to replace an empty mind with an open one† said Malcolm Forbes. The supporting idea which could improve the world’s current situation is Religion. Religion provides people with a belief system consisting of discipline, tradition, culture, and morality. Matthew Arnold had said that â€Å"the true meaning of religion is thus not simply morality, but morality touched with emotion†. Last thing that might help is looking at the world in a social aspect. Being social gives us a more understanding character, and it gives us more information about the current issues which at least makes us not ignorant, and it also makes us more open to people. If a person has knowledge, good communication skills, discipline, dignity, a belief system consisting of traditions, cultures, and moral values, understanding, not ignorant, and more open, than that person could cause no harm or trouble to anyone. If billions of people view the world as an educational, religious, and also a social place, then the condition of the world would be greatly improved and would be a â€Å"heaven† to some people. Today, people have no time to do anything. They are so busy working that they don’t even know what is going on around them. All they want to do is to earn money. Money is everything for everyone these days. Money brings happiness to people nowadays, which is totally wrong. Money can never bring peace in anyone’s life. Money can actually ruin a persons’ life by bringing jealousy, and proud into that person. If a person has a lot of money, he tends to have more power on others, which usually leads to an evil act or a selfish act. Billions of people look at the world in an economic view which is the cause of all the politics tensions, wars, and all different kinds of riots and disasters. However, if people look at the world in different aspects, the world could be a better place to live in. â€Å"Education’s purpose is to replace an empty mind with an open one† said Malcolm Forbes. Education can improve the world’s condition greatly. Without  Education, people would just live like cavemen and cavewomen. They will have no idea about anything. If everyone in this world is educated, there would be fewer problems in the world for example, over population. Education provides people with knowledge, communication skills, discipline, and also with dignity. From knowledge, we learn, understand, and analyze. We need to learn in order to know how things work. We understand by the learning and by all this learning and understanding, we can analyze things. From good communication skills, we tend to communicate well with others with created a better understanding between others. From discipline, people get self-control. Having self-control is always good because you know how and when to act. Lastly, from dignity, people learn how to respect themselves which brings in them an optimistic view. Education can provide all these qualities in a person. Education can make the world’s condition better which would create fewer problems in the world. â€Å"The true meaning of religion is thus not simply morality, but morality touched with emotion† said Matthew Arnold. Religion could also improve the condition of the world with the support of education. Without religion, people would have no belief system or any traditions and cultures. People would not have any history of their own backgrounds and their ethnic values. A religion teaches us what is good and what is bad for us. Religion provides people with a belief system consisting of discipline, tradition, culture, and morality. We need a belief system in order to keep a systematic schedule between work and also personal life. We need discipline because we need self-control. Having self-control is always good because you know how and when to act. We need traditions and cultures because without traditions and cultures, we will just live out lives as a robot. We will not have any festivals and will not believe in anyone or God. Traditions and cultures affect the way we look at things and also affect our thinking. Our traditions and cultures make us act as we do. Lastly, religion provides us with moral values. We need moral values in order to know what is good and what is bad for us. Without religion, we are nothing but just a bunch of people looking at the world in a very practical view with results in selfishness. Supported with education, and religion, looking at the world in a social aspect also helps to improve the world’s condition. If a person is not socially involved, it is likely that that person would have fewer knowledge of what is going on around the world as that person would not discuss about current affairs with others. That person would also not know other people properly which could results in disaster especially during bad times when you need someone’s help. Being social gives us a more understanding character, and it gives us more information about the current issues which at least makes us not ignorant, and it also makes us more open to people. You need to be more understanding in order for you to make good relationship with other people which make it easier to be socially involved. If you are more understanding, people will tend to talk to you more, which could result in being open with other people. Being socially involved can be very enjoyable yet also could be very beneficial. If billions of people view the world as an educational, religious, and also a social place, then the condition of the world would be greatly improved and would be a â€Å"heaven† to some people. Education provides people with knowledge, communication skills, discipline, and also with dignity. Religion provides people with a belief system consisting of discipline, tradition, culture, and morality. Being social gives us a more understanding character, and it gives us more information about the current issues which at least makes us not ignorant, and it also makes us more open to people. If a person has knowledge, good communication skills, discipline, dignity, a belief system consisting of traditions, cultures, and moral values, understanding, not ignorant, and more open, than that person could cause no harm or trouble to anyone. Education is needed because it makes a person who he/she really is and what his/her capabilities are. Religion is needed because it is necessary for every individual in a society. Being social is needed in order for your own recognition in a society. Every person needs to be educated, religious, and also social. These are the three aspects of life. Billions of people’s life could be enhanced if everyone views this world in these three aspects.

Strategic, PESTEL and Financial Analysis of Accor Hotels The WritePass Journal

Strategic, PESTEL and Financial Analysis of Accor Hotels 1.INTRODUCTION: Strategic, PESTEL and Financial Analysis of Accor Hotels 1.INTRODUCTION:1.1 COMPANY BACKGROUND:1.1a:Accor Hotels:Accor Services:1.2.Strategic partnership:(A group to group partnership strategy):2. History:3. Accor and Global Competitor:4. Accor Operations and Strategy:4.1:centers of Expertise(operations wheel):Purchasing:Construction and Maintenance:Distribution and Hotel website:Technological Support:4.2: Great Innovation by Accor:Corporate sponsorship:4.3. Dynamic Strategic Plan:5. Marketing   Sales:6.1 Career Advancement:6.2 New talents perspective:7. Management Finance:7.1 Financial Position and Result:8.SWOT analysis:  9.PEST –Analysis of Accor:10 Accor Ambition:10.1. Accor Spirit:10.2. Competitive Market:  11. Strategic Planning for future Market:11.1: Three pillars of Strategy:11.2: Accor Strategic Vision:12.: Result and Research questions:13. Goals and Implementation:13.1. Conclusions and Recommendation:References:Related 1.INTRODUCTION: 1.1 COMPANY BACKGROUND: Accor of France claims to be the leading Hotel operator in Europe and third largest Hotel group in the world. For more than forty   years, Accor has constantly reinvented its core competences to keep pace with the around it, with the goal of providing innovative, high quality products to Hospitality and Service customers. With their highly respected brands, interpersonal relationship and their unique skills to develop and deliver solutions that create wellness. Accor ,the European leader   in hospitality and tourism and the global leader in corporate service, operates in nearly 100 countries with 150,000 employees. It offers to its clients nearly 45 years of expertise in two core business: Hotels, with the Sofitel, Pullman, Novoter, Mercure, Suitehotel, All seasons, Ibis, Etap hotel, Adagio, Formule 1, and Motel 6 brands over 4,100 hotels and nearly 500,000 rooms in 90 countries, as well as strategically related activities, such as Thalassa sea spa, Lenotre, CWL. Services to corporate clients and public institution with 33 million people in 40 countries benefit from Accor Services products-meal and food vouchers, people care, rewards and incentives, loyalty programs and expense management. 1.1a:Accor Hotels: Accor operates includes about 15 complementary brands- from luxury to budget, that are recognized and appreciated around the world for their service and quality. Accor operates   under six brands in UK-the upscale Sofitel, mid-scale Novotel and Mercure, budget Etap, Formula 1,Motel 6.In USA it operates two budget brands Motel6 and Red Roof Inns. Accor sustainable development also made two more new brand Pullman and All Seasons. These two new brands acquisition is remarkable. The new brand has potentially represent a total of 10,000 rooms by 2010, through franchise contracts. Motel 6, Formula 1,Etap Hotel, Suitehotel, Mercure, and Novotol is running with modern innovation and following corporate strategy. Some development plan is organizing by the operational based. Accor always has taken those steps to target future progress under corporate umbrella. Source:Figure-1 htt://www.accor.com/gb/groupe/activites/hotellereie/activites_hotellerie.asp?flash=N Accor Services: The world leader Accor services constantly creates new high- value added, increasingly personalized services in such areas as a gifts and rewards for employees and government social benefit programme. they involves with wide range of marketing, social and community responsibility in advance. A great innovation part of the organization made life with comfort. that’s why they are increasing and diversifying the services they deliver to companies and public institutions-from food and meal-vouchers to a full range of solutions in such areas as employee incentive, customer loyalty, domestic services, culture and recreation health care and transportation. From highly secure paper vouchers, to electronic payment cards and internet and mobile phone also involves in new technologies, as evidenced by promising future for prepaid electronic services. the world leader in the service voucher market, Accor Services deploys a full range of products and services in 38 countries. All prepaid Accor services products have now been brought under the same †Ticket† umbrella brand with its universally recognized †red ball† symbol. Accor services provides tangible responses to changing lifestyles while helping to improve employee well-being and motivation. Accor services uncontested market leadership is based on the two original flagship products-Ticket Restaurant and Ticket Alimentation and its constantly expanding product portfolio is shaped by the growing trend toward urbanization and the resulting need for services and assistance. Each time, the goal is the same: listen to people’s concerns and provide the solution best suited to each situation, in both mature and emerging markets. This objective requires a constantly renewed capacity for innovation and in-depth knowledge of each market.   Source: Accor2009 corporate brochure. 1.2.Strategic partnership:(A group to group partnership strategy): Since 1998, Accor has been developing partnerships with major firms. These alliances manifest a strategic determination to adopt an overall group to group approach that is advantageous for both customers and partners. Naturally, this type of cooperation is concerned with business segments that offer a potential for synergies or that target the same customer base known for its mobility: transport, leisure activities, information and travel-related services. The business net-work is growing up more and more. 2. History: Accor is a best business infrastructure contains historical milestones. Since the opening of the first Novotel in Lille in French, team members have been driven by a pioneering, winning sprit. A key factor in Accor’s success, this mindset is also shaped by a constant concern for people and a commitment to the highest performance standards. 40 years of Innovation: 1967:opening of the first Novetel in life (Franch) 2008: creation of MGallery and launch of the A|club world wide loyalty program. 2009: an alliance between Accor services and Master card Europe to create prepay solutions.(source: www.corporatebrochure 2009.com) The short listed history focused on major successes and core brands. Each stage of the success is bearing so many historical activities. Today’s brilliant progress is supported by historical business performances. 3. Accor and Global Competitor: Accor are highly successful over the long-term effectively acquire, develop and manage resources and capabilities that provide competitive advantages. Their competitors are very smart and world wide famous business organizations. The organizations are Starwood, Marriott, Hilton, Intercontinental, Hyatt and Wyndham. All are established with strong business performance background and capability. 4. Accor Operations and Strategy: 4.1:centers of Expertise(operations wheel): Accor group the largest international hotel chain, confirmed its confidence in the world market as the major tourism market   to which the group pays special interest to implement and continue its strategic plan to promote its growth in corporate service. The centers of expertise model show the best organization infrastructure: Centers   of Expertise, Figure- â€Å"Accor has leveraged its more than forty years of experience to develop very high level skills platforms. These interconnected units extend across all businesses and countries to create a system that is truly unique. By sharing best practices and pooling costs, they enhance the performance of Accor’s brands, support hotel owners and employees in their day to day operations and guarantee that customers always receive the very best service.†-Accor corporate2009. Purchasing: Working with frontline teams and backed by a network of 200 buyers around the world, Accor has developed purchasing procedures and high performance tools that have made it an expert in the optimization of food, equipment and service costs. Recognized by franchisees, this expertise supports negotiations at regional, national, and global level with some 2,800 approved suppliers around the world. Construction and Maintenance: A traditional area of expertise and constant source of innovation, Accor’s construction and maintains platform naturally brings together teams from development, operations, finance, legal affairs, marketing and hotel systems. Experts manage several hundred projects a year, overseeing construction, renovation and maintenance while monitoring environmental impact ever more closely. Distribution and Hotel website: Web teams enhance hotel visibility and make booking easier via the accorhotels.com or individual brand sites. In addition ,they support the brand’s online development through partner websites. Each year, more than 90 million people visit Accor websites around the world. In 2010,some 12.7 million hotel nights were booked online, of which 80% on own sites. Technological Support: Technological support teams install wireless systems in hotels, help migrate services to electronic media and manage booking and distribution systems,with the goal of providing frontline teams with easier access to information and customers with the full range of Accor products at the lowest possible price. 4.2: Great Innovation by Accor: A responsible, community- minded enterprise: It was launched in 2006 to federate their sustainable development initiatives, the Earth Guest program provides a tangible response to growing environmental concerns and major health hazards. In 2010 the organization has taken more steps.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Its set a number of far-reaching goals. They are involving in local development, children protection, lead the fight against epidemics and promote balanced nutrition, for the benefit of Accor’s employees, customers and host communities, it also providing training in AIDS and malaria prevention to all employees. Other programs also provided to eliminate sexual tourism involving children, reducing Hotel water and energy consumption by 10%, equipping 200 hotels with solar panels and introducing waste-sorting programs in all European hotels.   source:www.accor.com Corporate sponsorship: A social responsibility is a part of any leadership, as Accor. In 2010, Accor’s corporate sponsorship priorities focused on their four commitment are local, health, culture and heritage, humanitarian aid. Corporate sponsorship is defined as â€Å"the provision of material support to a cause or person for an activity serving the general interest, with nothing received in return†. Every day, Accor employees support various initiatives through a very active corporate sponsorship program. 4.3. Dynamic Strategic Plan: Continuing expansions of the Hotels and Services business: more than 35,000   new rooms development program between now and 2015. Further divestments of non-strategic businesses: Through non-strategic assets disposal policy, the Group announced the sale of Red Roof Inns to a consortium comprised of Global Special Situations Group and Westbridge Hospitality Fund, L.P.for $1.32 billion. Another sale the Italian institutional catering business to Barclays private Equity for  £135 million. Ongoing program of property disposals: In first-half 2007, Accor pursued its assets-right strategy adapted to risk-reward profile of each market segment and region. The end of 2010,it realized more than  £450 million through the disposals of its property assets(450 hotels) of which more than 50% had already been secured by the end of April,2010 and another  £1.6 billion is expected to be generated in the period from 2010 to 2013.Over the 2009-2010 period, the Group is planning to change the operating structures of an additional 500 hotels. In all, more than 1,600 hotels will have been restructured by the end of 2011. Optimized balance sheet: Debt refinanced with new  £2 billion syndicated of credit and new share buyback program. 5. Marketing   Sales: Brands within the hotel industry are aimed at different customer segments and 2009 saw several companies launch new brands. International Hotels are opened a new brand in early 2009 to target the generation X customers while still being acceptable to older generations(Freed,2009).During the same year, Accor launched a project to reposition the brands. By rethinking strategies, reinventing products, redesigning graphic identities and reworking advertising campaigns, the teams have made the brands even more powerful, in local markets and around the world. â€Å"The Battle of Revenue†-Targeting highest revenue the Accor Marketing Sales. 6.Training Human Resource: In hospitality industry HRM takes an important role which is to forecast the demand for employees and also reducing undesired turnover, lavor cost, improving employee productivity and improving goods and services provided are goals of the HRM function(Demir,2004).Its other important components are developing succession plan, layoff, promotion policies, ensuring compliance with local labour laws(Demir,2004).Accor’s human resource policy focuses on career advancement through training, work, job assessment and motivation. They have always been committed to respecting, training, rewarding and supporting their employees. The goal is to help employees develop not only a skill set but also a mindset. Diversity and equal opportunity are also an integral part of this policy. Source of Accor: 80% of our employees are in day to day contact with customers 171,000 employees received training in 2010 90% managers were promoted from within the organization 6.1 Career Advancement: Accor developing all talents: Nearly 90% of managers got their job through internal promotions Every year Accor welcomes several thousand interns and apprentices. Depending on job vacancies, work study contracts are transformed into permanent work contracts in one of the many Accor brands. Accor strongly encourage: An assessment interview with manager on a regular basis to take stock of career evolution. People can easily have a position through job application. 6.2 New talents perspective: â€Å"Academie Accor Worldwide† network, whose ambition is to: Help employees climb the corporate ladder, by developing qualification training programs for future. Offer every year employee one training session a year, by reinforcing training in the workplace to improve quality. â€Å"In 2010,171,000 employees took part in one more training courses, including over 142,000 non managerial staff. The training budget totalled 2.2% of payroll.†(www.accor.com) Employee benefits: Accor employees receive an incentive bonus and could be obtained company share. Every employee receives a Bienvenue Card offering special advantages at all Group brands in every country where Accor is present. A good management support has been providing to employee to feel free and enjoy the work. Accor doors are always open for those who like to promote them. 7. Management Finance: The end of December 2010, Accor   reported that hotel revenue amounted to  £ 5,693 million, up 98% to increase this revenue  £75 million possible only for the efforts of approximately 145,000 employees(datamonitor 2010).That revenue held steady during the difficult economic condition in 2009,at  £236 million but in full-year it should come to around  £440 million versus the  £400- £420 million target announced in late October. At constant scope of consolidation and exchange rates, the like-for-like increase 8.7%,confirming the favourable trend enjoyed by the Services and Hotels businesses since the beginning of the year. The expansion strategy accounted for 9.4% revenue growth of the year. Disposal carried out under the ongoing asset-right strategy in the Hotel business and divestment of non-strategic assets including Go Voyages, which was sold in April –reduced revenue by 4.4%. Currency effect was negative 2.6% for the year. Press Release, Paris February 23,2011.In the midest of the recession, Accor is one of the multitudes companies facing this problem and came out through this situation because of their strong   strategy of business. Accor business success is remarkable. The financial records show the strong earning growth and dynamic implementation of the strategic plan. The whole businesses are benefiting from a favourable business environment, with the Services business enjoying structural growth in demand and the Hotel business lifted by an upturn in the European hospitality industry cycle. The recent 23 February 2011,press Release disclosed the current strong position of the company. The Q2 financial report take the place to focus on the current situation. (in EUR millions)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2009  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2010   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  % change  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   % change (9 months) (9 months) (reported) (like-for-like) Hotels  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   5,186  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  5,693  Ã‚     Ã‚  +9.8%  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   +7.4% Upscale and  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   3,026     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3,332  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   +10.0%  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   +9.0% Midscale Economy  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1,626     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1,806  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   +11.1%  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   +6.8% Economy US  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   536  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   555  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   +3.8%  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   +0.7% Services  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   543  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  624  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  +14.9%  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   +12.0% Other businesses   977  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  863  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  -16.0  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   +1.0% Total  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  5,490  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   5,948  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   +8.4%  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   +7.1% 7.1 Financial Position and Result: Change in consolidation Development: In services, acquisitions accounted for 4.3% revenue growth for the first nine months, in line with the Group’s long term objectives. The development plan for the Hotels business provides for 101,000 new rooms to be opened in the period to 2014.During the first nine months of 2010,18,000 rooms were opened, contributing   partially to the 8.4% growth in revenue generated by development initiatives. Disposal: In 2010, Accor announced that it had completed the sale of Red Inn to Citi GSS Group and Westbridge, as part of its real estate strategy. The transaction added  £470 million to the Group’s cash position. 8.SWOT analysis: In this section, analysis the operating environment for Accor. The operating environment is internal to the organization and the environment most under the control of company. Many factors are affecting the operation of a hotel business because of growing number of competition in the hospitality industry and also economic downturn affect on external environment and internal environment is affected by its marketing strategy and its organizational structure. Strength: Internal resources to any organization are its strength which provide an advantage. For Accor, the most valuable strength are likely to be intangible of reputation, corporate culture, superior customer service. The hotel group, Accor whose has a great interest cover different regions and categories stable cash flow prospects. According to Datamonitor(2010),one of Accor key strength is its high brand recall. It has demands for upscale, midscale and economy lodging,   covering a wider market segment. It has Sofitel which is a prestige hotel brand in France and other cities in the world. The Novotel , designed for the mid-scale segment and Red Roof which are standardized hotels for the lower class segment. It is also engaged in many business that make more profit for company. Financial resource is also one of its strengths. Accor also allows its customers to get access on the information and able to have reservation through online. Weakness: In 2010, the weakness of Accor has its non-strategic business. By this non-strategic business they losing their brands. currently, the weakness of Accor can be seen from its being the operators may arise. Being hotel group it also a business with its fixed costs higher than other businesses. This may create problems when the demand in hotel decline. Improving the technological services is likely to be requirement to remain competitive but this is not a appear to be a weakness. Another future risk is to be maintain all brands by globally. Opportunities: In Global business there are huge opportunities in spreading operations over different regions like Asia, so it is to Accor take the opportunity with its experience in international operations business sector. Accor has established a name in hotel operations so merger and acquisitions not only in hotel industry but also in other business like restaurants and travel which is easy for growth strategies. To be a Market leader Accor has been developing partnerships with major firms. Different business idea assent-right strategy will open more business way from external side. As a part of the international marketing strategies of its brands, Accor has developed sponsorship actions in the whole world their new brand invention opportunity to compete global market properly. Develop advertising and through the web site they increase their sales and also using new technology Accor able to renew their communication target to internal promotions on language and the users country. For need to cre ate a system that is well integrated. Threats: Accor hotel and services operations are spread in whole world so that they have to face to risks of foreign currency fluctuations because about two thirds of its revenue coming from international operations. In the past the company’s revenues were severely affected due to unfavourable foreign currency fluctuations. For example, during 2003, the weakening of Latin America and US currency reduced its revenues by 4.3% over 2002(datamonitor,2003). This   risk will create a negative impact on its overall financial performance. In tourism and hospitality industry another threats is Geopolitical uncertainties and global and regional economic downturn such as terrorist attacks, the spread of epidemic, unfavourable political conditions, etc, have negative impact on the Industry. For example, in 2009,Accor was confronted with on exceptionally weak economic environment, which caused revenue to decline by 10.1%(datamonitor,2009). There are too many world-wide competitor in hotel industr y such as Hilton Group plc, Marriot International, Hyatt corporation, who are also struggling to overcome the unfavourable market and economic condition are another threats and also be pricing pressures which will affect the company’s margins. The company’s ability to proactively expends presence in the under penetrated markets and to take over independent hotels will determine its market position and growth in future. S.w.o.t Analysis:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     9.PEST –Analysis of Accor: Political factor: In globalized environment Accor the largest hospitality group in Europe now operates in 140 countries based in Every Cedex, France. Accor is highly influenced by the political and legislative conditions of these countries. In hotel industry, Accor French company still didn’t face any big threat because of their reduction in level of terrorism and also good relation with EEC country and others as well. Getting and giving favour through business channel they still do their business with whole world. Economical factor: Accor is a more profitable organisation, between 2006 and 2012 in chain hotels is expected to rise by 5.7% a year, compared with an increase of 3.7% a year for the market as a whole. Economic factor are concern to Accor, because they are influenced on demand, cost, prices and profits. One of the most influence factors on the economy are acquisition, merger and demerger. In last year, Accor was increased its stake in Poland’s Orbis by 4.9%,from 40.58% to 45.48% at a cost of  £42 million. From there financial report their earning objective is so good around the year. Socio-Cultural factor: Current situation indicate that Accor provide good service for customer they using 7 language through the online and graphics and maps also adding value to booking experience, which is due to variety of social changes. Demographic changes such as the aging population and   an increase the female worker because the company believes that men and women at the heart of its strategy. The company also focus on their employer and to make an increased   efforts more and more training place and of social advancement. Accor also provide franchises with added value and HR services and helping earth people they are involve in the Earth Guest programme with ECO and EGO and also developed corporate sponsorship for child aid, local aid, health, and cultural. In future Accor will continue to respect generation, cultural and professional differences. Technological factors: Technology is the major macro-environmental factors which has influenced the benefits of both customer and company. customer satisfaction rises because the world moves so fast, goods are readily available and services are more personalized. so that Accor utilise the following technology- Websites and Hotel Booking Up to date information systems Electronic media card (pre paid card) becoming more demandable. 10 Accor Ambition: â€Å"Accor Ambition is to become or remain the leader, on all continents, in service and in economy and midscale hotels, and major player in the upscale segment.†-Source: Accor 2009 corporate brochure. 10.1. Accor Spirit: Since the opening of the first Novotel in Lille, team members have been driven by a pioneering, winning spirit. A key factor in Accor’s success, this mindset is also shaped by a constant concern for people and a commitment to the highest performance standards for it. For more than forty years, across all bands and regions, Accor’s   five core values of innovation, spirit of conquest, performance, trust and respect have been shared by all employees now 145,000. 10.2. Competitive Market: Companies should focus on porter’s five   forces closely during the strategy planning process and continue   monitoring throughout implementation. These five forces are-industry competitors, new entrants, buyers, substitutes and supplier’s(Pearce Robinson,2004). Factor that indicate rivalries within the hotel industry include competitors that are roughly equal in power, numerous competitors, high fixed costs and high exit barrier’s (Pearce   Robinson,2004). Buyer’s power to use substitutions of porter’s forces that work together for Accor. Buyer increase in power when the products have little differentiation, does not save the money and when buyer’s has incentive to reduce purchasing costs (Pearce Robinson,2004). During the recession buyers of temporary has been more price-sensitive and low switching costs and seek to substitutes. Porter’s five forces analysis on Accor: 1.New Entrants Barrier’s-Low Hotel operating license Capital requirement Building distribution network Human resource requirment 2. Rivalry-High Many competitors Exit barrier 3. Power of Suppliers-Low Many suppliers Switching cost Advance technology 4. Substitutes-Low Readily available and attractive priced Not comparable Switching cost   11. Strategic Planning for future Market: For multinational company Accor, strategy plays a key role to take a place its operation in the diverse environment. As a service industry, the ability to meet the customer needs on a global basis is of growing strategic importance (Nahapiet,1998). Accor’s   always focus on what the customer wants and not what the hotel firm believes is one of their marketing strategies. As a part of their customer service they introduced the new concept at Sofitel to offer ultimate sleeping comfort,it also changes its corpora culture to the changing customers’ needs. Having a corporate governance system to decentralised organization as it takes international expansion, matching its organization’s capabilities and competencies to the competitive conditions of the external environment. For example, in China Accor management consists of Chinese people in order to understand the culture, taste and preference existing there. 11.1: Three pillars of Strategy: Geographically and Structurally balanced business portfolio-Accor hotel is present geographically with its current and future customer, that why it comes up in host countries should limit their exposure to economic and geopolitical rick. This Strength makes a position in other attractive market places. A disciplined, results oriented management-the company is committed to respect, give train, reward thus supports their employees. Their important asset is the quality services provide to their people’s professional skills, it is a main part of them to implement customer’s satisfaction and service quality. A set of powerful, aligned brand-its company aiming to become leader in all continents, Accor position them as umbrella brand to provide its operating brands. In order to support their ambitions its visual identify enhances. Expending the brand portfolio it offers non- standard and slandered products for more demands. 11.2: Accor Strategic Vision: In 2010, Accor become a pure-player in the hotel business. Having demerged from its service business, Accor intends to its strengths to step up the implementation of its strategy and provide its growth: comprehensive brand portfolio suited to needs, unique know how as the world largest hotel operator, a leadership position in four continents and a business model with sound fundamental that withstood the economical crisis. 12.: Result and Research questions: Finding 1.What type of generic strategy does an Accor hotel employ? Accor focus on their strategy that is geared toward identifying market and meeting the needs of the customers in these target groups. It use the guidelines in most of its acquisitions and merger to be the major stakeholder but also have a partner who can help the company with challenging in local market. In that case, they have local partner in France and in US it hold 44 per cent of economic hotels. So the company targets its market and also focuses on offering innovative services and competitive price in order to compete effectively. Again, the company’s success is a result of a carefully crafted generic strategy. Finding2.In competitiveness of the environment, how much opportunity exists of Accor in the international hotel business market? From the case data, the opportunities in tourist market are extremely great. One reason is because the market is going to continue growing. The number of hotels in Europe, the US, Japan will increase sharply. Asia, for example, will be an important market because of its large population and the most tourist places. By focusing on these more affluent markets and competitive prices, Accor has a very good chance of outdistancing the competition. Finding3. What basis would a firm like Accor evaluate performance? There are a number of bases that Accor uses in evaluate performance. One is market share. In evaluating its performance in Europe the company has been keeping track of its success among new subscribers and second way in terms of market capitalization. From the case data that after acquiring communications this value stood  £5,693 million. 13. Goals and Implementation: Every marketing plan must include a control component that compares actual performance with the planned performance. Through collecting performance data the gaps between the objectives and the performance will be evaluated regularly to pursuer required corrective action. Creating implementation plans and strategies is the necessary to the day to day actions of making the dream a reality. In that case Accor faces in product development, marketing, accounting and human resources management as they strive to meet the company’s long term strategic goals. With a focus on growth, Accor should emphasize product development in order to meet the needs of a larger segment of the market. According to research some perceptible improvement are follows- To improve how work together and how develop their people so that a high performance organisations. To deliver an outstanding experience for all customers. To improve the financial performance of the company and deliver for their shareholders. To maintain and improve their performance quality of processes. 13.1. Conclusions and Recommendation: Based on analysis, the following conclusions can be drawn about the nature, extent, and future of Accor Hotel Group. In hotel industry Accor faces some problem because there is shortage of employees 145000, this staff failures have the biggest negative impact on gust loyalty. Their poor services experience explains why 68% of customers shift brands. They should focus on there core/signature services and also service recovery and also target those guest segments who are still most likely to travel and pay a premium for luxury experience. In addition, that can be used as more focused marketing, utilize that premium experience with special offers and bundled packaging. Accor must be careful about their pricing system and advertising. Slashing prices as a reaction to the recession is never good for business in long term but also impact on brand image. Through business strategy Accor shows the best success when received the highest revenue 8.7%. The first half 2007,Accor pursued its asset-right strategy adapted to the risk-rewarded profile of each market segment and region. The organisation already presented their new business model to support and achieve organisation objective. Between 2006 and 2013, the number of overnight stays in chain hotels is expecting to rise by 5.7% a year compared with an increase of 3.7% a year for the market as whole. The supply and the demand chain will have better way to success in future. the business expansion will make the organisation stronger. Accor will be a best global leader in near future. It makes a constant focus on the long term sometimes taking bold action but never excessive risk. References: 1.Hamel,G and C.K Prahalad,(1994). Competing for the Future Boston: Harvard business School press. 2.Aian M .Rugman and Richard M.Hodgetts,(2003). International Business.3rd ed. Pearson education ltd 3.Geof Lancaster and Ian Waddelow,(1998).Strategic Marketing Planning. Journal of marketing management 14.853-878. 4.Laurie J Mullins,(1995).Management and Organisational Behaviour.3rd ed. Pitman publishing. 5.Phillip Kotler, Jhon Bowen, James Makens,(2003). Marketing for Hospitality and Tourism. 3rd ed.Prentice Hall. 6.Jonson Scholl and Gerry,Keven,(1999).Exploring Corporate Strategy(Text cases).6th ed.Prentice Hall Europe.